What Are the Key Features of TEC Temperature Control?

One of the attractive features of thermoelectric technology is that it offers an incredible degree of control ability. With a properly “tuned” controller, it is possible to maintain systems well within 0.1 degree Celsius of set point. The key features are:

• Precise case temperature control.

• High stability even for DUTs with dynamic heat load.

• Very fast thermal response and short temperature setting time.

• Both cooling and heating functions.

• Compact.

• No vibration.

• Energy saving in many cases.

The following is the picture of the TEC controller of Analog Technologies.

For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/tec-controller.html

Analysis of LED Market Prospects

LED is the abbreviation of light emitting diode, which is a solid light emitting device of semiconductor. Using light emitting materials of solid semiconductor chips, carriers in semiconductor will composite, cause photon emission and produce light, when the two ends of LED are with forward voltage. LED can directly emit red, yellow, blue, green, green, orange, purple and white light.

Our country has huge lighting market of LED and also has strong industrial foundation of lighting. With the development of semiconductor lighting technology, performance improvement of LED lighting and the reducing of cost, China’s LED lighting market outlook will gradually appear.

(1) The huge demand of lighting.

In our country, lighting market is very huge because traditional lighting sources have disadvantages of big energy consumption, low brightness and unsafe. LED lighting will replace the traditional light source and lamp.

(2) A good lighting industrial base.

As lighting industry foundation is very strong, our country is the world’s largest producer of lighting sauce and light lamps. According to statistics of China Lighting Electric Appliance Association, in 2010, the outputs of national incandescent lamps are 3.8 billion and fluorescent lamp production are 6.69 billion, of which the yields of fluorescent lamps of straight tube are 1.83 billion, the yields of ring-shaped fluorescent lamps are 1.8 billion and the yields of CFL are 4.43 billion. In 2010, the national production of HID lamp is 174 million, of which high pressure mercury lamp production is 56 million, high pressure sodium lamp production is 54 million, and metal halide lamp production is 63 million. At the same time, China’s lighting consumption is mainly provided by the domestic production enterprises, andthe imported products accounted for less than 5% in the domestic consumer market. Nearly 70% of domestic production is for export. A good lighting industrial basewill not only provide a reliable supply of products in domestic market of LED lighting, but also provides a very good support of promoting cost performance of LED through scale effect.

(3) Government support policies

From a policy perspective, the State supports the LED lighting industry development through establishing the engineering research of national semiconductor lightingand industry alliance, introduce related financial support measures, policies and regulations and other means. Through fiscal subsidy way, the yields of efficient lighting products will be more than 150 million. In order to make the policy benefit more residents in rural areas, it is clearly demanded that the promotion proportion is not less than 30% of the total in this year. In addition, China will also produce hold the LED street lamps, landscape lighting and large billboard projects, which are needed in large-scale activities. These will have a great inspiration for LED industry prospects.

With the development of economy and technology, it is believed that LED will be more and more popular.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/product-LED-Related-Products.html

Super Resistor Kits

I am a designer. I have never used such a wonderful product. It is called RESISTOR KITS. It has 128 kinds of values from 0 ohm to 10M ohm in a box. The kits are very useful. It is easy to find any value of resister in E24 and I can place them on the work bench or the shelf. When I am doing an experiment, I only need to open the box and choose the label printed in the cover. Please look at the pictures below. Another reason I like it is the precision. It is 1%, much better than 5%.

This product is from Analog Technologies. A company which is founded in 1997, The main product lines include: laser drivers, TEC (Thermo-Electric Cooler) controllers, TECs (Thermo-Electric Coolers), high precision and high stability thermistors, customized heat sinks, SMT (SMD) resistor kits, SMT (SMD) capacitor kits, SMT (SMD) inductor kits, LED drivers, LED lights, etc.
I want to recommend this product to all of you. I hope you can like it.

For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/resistorkits.html

Introduction to Heat Sinks

Heat sinks are a device which is used to dissipate heat of electronic elements in electrical appliances. There are many kinds of heat sink materials. The following describes are about the aluminum, copper and combinative radiation fins of copper and aluminum.
(1)Aluminum heat sink
Currently, heat sink of aluminum is one of heat sinks of the highest use rate. As the highest amount of metal in the earth’s crust, the main characteristics are low cost and low thermal capacity. Although the endothermic speed is very slow, the exothermic speed is fast. The effect of heat dissipation is proportion to its structure and work. If the number of heat sinks is more and the bottom polishing is better, the heat radiating effect will be better. However, it is also restricted by the manufacturing process because using manufacturing technology of extrusion aluminum, the minimum interval of radiator groove is only 1.1mm. The heat dissipation principle of aluminum heat sink is very simple: By using cooling fins to increasing the contact area with air and then using fans to accelerate the air flow, the heat from the fins will be taken away. The price of the heat sink is low. But compared with the following heat sinks, the cooling effect is very bad.

  

    (2)Copper heat sink
The material of heat sink is copper, which is the only difference with aluminum heat sink. The heat conduction efficiency of copper is 412w/mk, which is twice more than aluminum’s. But copper heat capacity is so high that the heat sink absorbs heat fast and release heat slowly. To achieve the ideal cooling effect, high power and high speed fans are needed. As the copper has good toughness and its manufacturing process is easier than aluminum, heat sink precision can be made higher and radiating area is correspondingly greater than the aluminum. All of these can make up for deficiency of heat slowly caused by its high heat capacity. Overall, its heat dissipation effect is much better than the aluminum but the cost is very high.

    (3)Aluminum heat sink inlaid with copper
Aluminum heat sink inlaid with copper use advantages of copper and aluminum. In touch with copper, the heat of the CPU is dissipated by using the characteristic of fast heat absorption of copper. And using fast exothermic characteristic of aluminum, the heat of copper is released. The radiating effect is better than the method of single pure copper or pure aluminum fins. However the drawback is that copper and aluminum can’t do 100% contact, the heat conduction efficiency will be affected to a certain extent.

For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/Heat_sink.html

Temperature Control

Each one has its specific temperature. For example, my temperature is 36.5℃. If my temperature changes more than 0.1℃, I will get sick. Just like people, laser also has the specific temperature when it is working. If the temperature of laser changes more than 0.1℃, it will not work normally, and we cannot get the result what we would like to have. So we need to control the laser’s temperature seriously. We offer you the best devices to control the laser temperature.

The following picture is a physical figure of our temperature controller.

For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/tec-controller.html

The Application Scope of LED

(1)LED is used in display screens and traffic signal lamps because LED lamps have characteristics of anti-seismic, impact resistance, fast speed of light response, electricity saving and long service life. LED has been widely used in various indoor and outdoor display screens, which can be divided into panchromatic, tri color and monochrome display screen. Traffic lights mainly use red, green and yellow LED of ultra-high brightness. As signal lamps of LED have advantages of energy saving and high reliability, LED market demand is very big in the national scope.

(2)In the automobile industry, automobile LED lamps include car interior lamps of aninstrument panel, a sound indicating lamp, back light of switches and reading lamps. And automobile LED lamps also include car external lamps of brake lights, tail lights, side lights and head lamps. If car lamps use incandescent lamps which are not impact resistance and easy damage, the lamps will often need to be replaced. Because LED has fast response speed, it can alert the driver brakes as early as possible and reduce the rear end accidents.

(3)Nowadays, the efficient side emitting of LED back light becomes the center of attention. As a LCD backlight application, LED has the advantages of long service life, high luminous efficiency, no interference and high performance price ratio. LED has been widely used in electronic watches, mobile phone, BP machine, electronic calculators and card reading machine. With the increasing miniaturization of portable electronic products, the advantages of LED backlight source are more and more obvious. Then the backlight production technology can develop toward more thin direction and low power consumption direction.

(4)In other applications, children’s flash shoes are very popular. When walking, the built-in LED will flash light. Because of the novel shape, the rich colors, not brittle breaking and low usage safety, LED Christmas lights are also becoming more and more popular.

For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/product-LED-Related-Products.html

The design of all heat sinks of LED lighting lamps(2)

There are many kinds of heat sinks. In the view of manufacture, air cooled heat sinks can be divided into nano imprint lithography fins, extrusion heat sinks, casting heat sinks, folding heat sinks, improved casting heat sinks, forging heat sinks, cutting heat sinks, mechanical processing heat sinks and so on.
The size and thickness of heat sinks can directly affect the effective radiating area and heal removal capability. Good heat sinks should be greater than the contact surface, and have a radiating area as much as possible. The materials of the heat dissipation pad are also a kind of excellent materials. It combined with heat sinks can improve the heat radiating effect. Envelope volume refers to the volume occupied by heat sinks. If the heating power is large, the required heat sink area will be big. The preliminary design of heat sinks is based on envelope volume, and then the detail design will be considered. Heating wattage and envelope volume have the following formula:
LogV=1.4*logW-0.8(Min 1.5cm3)
In order to increase the fin efficiency which has a great influence on the thickness of the bottom of heat sinks, the bottom must be thick enough to make the hot transfer to all fins smoothly. And that can make all fins have the best utilization efficiency. If the bottom is too thick, it can cause the waste of materials and the heat accumulation, and also can reduce the heat conducting ability. The good design of the bottom thickness demand that the thickness of the heat source part should become thin in the part of edge. So it can make heat sink absorb enough heat by the heat source part and then it can quickly transfer the heat to the surrounding part. Radiating wattage and the thickness of the bottom have the following formula: t=7*logW-6(Min, 2mm)
The heat sink surface which is took acid aluminum processing, can increase the heat radiation performance and also increase the heat radiation effect. In general, exterior color is white or black. Convex surface can increase the heat dissipation area, but in the natural convection suasion, it may block the air flow and reduce the efficiency.
The above design is for your reference only. The actual heat sink design needs to consider the device and environment cooperation. Especially the design of high performance heat sink is required with the experimental proof and computer simulation. At present, the heat sink design has tended to limit, and air cooling mode can meet the requirements of the heat dissipation of high power LED. So the heat sink design should combine with characteristics of the power numbers of the LED, and that can make the design more diversified. In any case, the heat sinks are still the most common way of radiating. *The good design of heat sinks can improve the LED.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/product-LED-Related-Products.html

The characteristic analysis of LED heat dissipation substrate(1)

As the active area of the LED chip is small and its working current is big, the operating temperature of the LED ship can increase in a short time. The rise of pn junction temperature of LED can make the optical output power decrease, accelerate the aging of a chip, and shorten the service life of the device. With the rise in junction temperature, the LED wavelength will have “red shift”. (The drift visual effect of the orange and amber LED is more obvious). So in view of adverse effects of color drift in the practical application, the thermal design will limit the highest junction temperature. In the high power LED cooling channel, the heat radiating substrate is the key link between internal and external cooling channel. It has the following functions at least.
(1)A cooling channel of the LED chip.
(2)An electrical connection sub state of the LED chip.
(3)A physical support of the LED chip.
Substrate materials of the high power LED must meet requirements of the high insulating property, high stability, high thermal conductivity, and also have similar coefficients of thermal expansion, smoothness and high strength with chips.
The traditional materials of heat sinks are aluminum alloy or copper. Aluminum thermal conductivity can reach 209w/m.k, and aluminum has good processing characteristics and low cost. So it is widely used. Copper thermal conductivity can reach 390w/m.k, and it increases by 70% compared with aluminum. But the disadvantage is that its weight is about three times as much as aluminum and it has bad processing characteristics.
However, when applications are limited to the conduction characteristics as focus, the copper is used usually. In addition to the two kinds of materials, the increasing radiating materials are high-profile, such as compound materials based on carbon, metal powder sintered material, combined diamond, graphite, etc. aspic is the most new materials at present. It consists of many kinds of aluminum alloy and has special physical properties like control of thermal expansion properties, high conductivity and significant strength. Because of the cost, these new materials are used in the bottom of the power module and the substrate which is directly connected with chips.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/product-LED-Related-Products.html

The Introduction to LED Lighting

After Edison invented the carbon incandescent lamp in 1879, lighting technology entered a new era. Reviewing the lighting history of the twentieth Century, people found out many new light sources, such as fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps, high/low pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, high frequency electrode less fluorescent lamps, microwave sulfur lamps and so on. Defects of the incandescent lamp are that the bulb is fragile, and it is easy to get an electric shock and power consumption of the tungsten wire is high under the condition of heating. Although fluorescent lamps save more energy than incandescent lamps, but it is not good for human vision and the mercury in the lamp tube is harmful to human body and environment. LED causes qualitative changes of lighting technology. Compared with the traditional lighting technology, LED is a semiconductor, which can convert electrical energy into visible light. LED belongs to the solid cold light source. The volume of LED is small, its weight is light and the structure is also very solid. Because of low working voltage, service life of LED is long. In accordance with the definition of light effect, LED luminous efficiency is not high, but because almost all of the LED spectra concentrate in the visible light spectrum, the efficiency can reach 80%~90%. However, visible efficiency of incandescent lamp of the same light effect is only 10%~20%. Generally, the power of the monomer LED is 0.05~1W and LED can meet different needs through the cluster mode.
The source characteristics of LED are as follows.

(1) A new type light source of green environmental protection: Using cold light sauce, glare of LED is small, and there is no radiation and no harmful substance in use. Adopting DC drive mode, the power consumption of LED is very low and the electro-optical power conversion can be almost up to 100%. Comparing with the traditional light source, LED energy can save about 80% under the condition of the same lighting effect. Environmental benefits LED is good because there is no ultraviolet ray and infrared ray in the spectrum, no pollution and no mercury. In addition, waste of LED can be recycled and it can be safe to touch.

(2) Long life: As a solid cold light source, using epoxy resin encapsulation, LED has vibration resistance and there is no loose part in the light body. The service life can be up to 6 -10 million hours because there is no filament burn ability, thermal deposition, depreciation and other shortcomings. The service life of LED is 10 times more than the traditional light`s.

(3) Multi-transformation: Based on the principle of three basic colors and under the control of the computer, LED has 256 levels of gray which can be mixed arbitrarily, and they can produce 256×256×256（16777216） colors to form different colors combination. Multi-transformation of LED can realize the colorful dynamic changes and various image effects.

(4) High and new technology：Compared with the luminous effect of traditional light source, LED light source is microelectronic products of low voltage and it has succeeded in fusing computer technology, network communication technology, image processing technology, the embedded control technology etc.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/product-LED-Related-Products.html

Application prospects of TEC

Except for being applied in the field of the refrigerator, water dispensers and other household appliances, the most important application of TEC is in the information technology field. As the cooling source of such electronic components as infrared detectors, lasers, computer chips and so on, generally, the cooling power of these devices is very small.
At present, on satellite, the cooling method of infrared detectors is radiation cooling and the temperature can only be reduced to approximately 100K. When infrared detectors are further cooled every 10K, the resolution of the detecting image can be increased by 50%. So the coupling method of radiation cooling and TEC makes it possible to further reduce the temperature and it has obvious significance.
In computer technology, the refrigerator is used to reduce or control the temperature of electronic components and memory devices. It can also be used to control the temperature of a single chip or circuit. Under the condition of reducing temperature, performance of electronic equipment can be improved. TEC has good application prospects in this field because it can be miniaturized.
When it is under relatively lower temperature, the semiconductor laser can prolong its lifetime, reduce the signal frequency shift and increase the output power. TEC can also be applied in this area.The main noise source of parametric amplifier is the diode. So reducing the diode temperature can improve the parameters of amplifier. The performance of the amplifier can have substantial improvements with using TEC method.
Small thermostats, quartz transistor oscillators, three tubes of Ge and precision resistance components, are made of several cooling modules, and can be used to make some electronic devices to keep constant temperature. However, they need to work at constant temperature. Using the temperature regulator can make the temperature maintain constant.
This shows that the development of information technology has the pressing demands for low temperature. Therefore, TEC has broad application prospect in this field.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/tec-controller.html

Introduction to TEC technology

In 1834, Peltier, a French physicist, found that through DC electricity one node becomes cold and the other one get hot in the closed circuit which is composed of two different metals. This effect was later named as the Peltier effect. Another name of TEC is Semiconductor refrigeration which is a kind of refrigeration method by taking advantages of the Peltier effect. The principle was shown in Figure 1. TECs consist of semiconductor thermoelectric elements (Ntype, Ptype), the metal flow deflector, ceramic disk, wherein the flow deflector is connected with the node of semiconductor thermoelectric elements.

When the current flows from the N type semiconductor to P type semiconductor, the node is endothermic; when the current flows from the P type semiconductor to N type semiconductor, the node is exothermic. Cold and hot surface is then formed. When the current is in the opposite direction, the original endothermic node becomes exothermic and the original exothermic node becomes endothermic. So the cold and hot surface positions swap. The refrigeration method needs no refrigerant, and it has simple structure and no moving parts. It is very suitable for miniature refrigeration field or special requirements of the occasion. The characteristics of TEC Technology have been applied in the civil refrigeration field and the refrigeration field. The performance of TECs depends on the refrigerating performance of semiconductor materials. In engineering, the refrigeration performance of semiconductor materials are commonly measured with product ZT of the figure of merit Z and the service temperature T, wherein the figure of merit Z=α2σ/k (α is the thermoelectric power of thermoelectric refrigeration elements, σ is the conductivity of thermoelectric refrigeration elements, k is the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric refrigeration elements).For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/tec-controller.html

Super SMD/SMT Component Enclosure

Sorting, storing and finding a SMD (Surface Mount Device) – sometimes called SMT (Surface Mount Technology), components is not easy, this is because they are so tiny and there are so many kinds of them: different sizes, values, types, etc. There is a good news: a special enclosure has been developed and made available by Analog Technologies, Inc., for solving this problem. The product is called Super SMD/SMT Component Enclosure. It is a big box with a big cover, underneath, there are 128 compartments, each of them has a dedicated lid; each lid has a small handle for opening and closing the lid and, under the handle, there is a legend area for marking the values of the parts inside. The lid is locked into its position so that the small SMD/SMT parts won’t be leaked out, see photo below.

After using, close all the small lids and the big cover which has resilient foam pad. When the big cover closes, this foam (shown in yellow) pad presses all the small lids downward so that they remain locked even under severe shocking and vibration, see the drawing:

Therefore, this enclosure is not only being a convenient solution for storing and sorting small parts, but also a reliable means for transporting them. The photos below are the views from outside, underneath, and inside. The most suitable parts to store into this enclosure are: SMD/SMT resistors, SMD/SMT capacitor, SMD/SMT inductors, SMD/SMT ICs (Integrated Circuits), small mechanical parts, etc.

By using this Super SMD/SMT Component Enclosure, you can keep usually clustered bench top clean and organized, you can put ATI kits like the below:

By doing this, eliminate all “fatal” mistakes when using a wrong value components in a critical place of a circuit. Meanwhile, it is quite convenient to use these kits. See the figure below:

The source of the product, Analog Technologies, Inc., is a reliable and reputable company. It has been in business for > 17 years and offers > 100 different products. In addition to the laboratory tool type products, they also have laser drivers, TEC (Thermo-Electric Cooler) controllers, TECs (Thermo-Electric Coolers), high precision and high stability thermistors, customized heat sinks, TEC assemblies, etc., for photonic, display and biotech industries.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/capacitorkits.html

Convenient Kits

I am an electronics engineer, and my job includes both designing and testing. However, either designing or testing, we always use resistors and capacitors. But, usually, the values of the resistors and capacitors are not the same. We often find them one by one in advance, and it is quite inconvenient. Up to now, use the kits, everything is easy, and the efficiency is improved. The boss is very happy.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/laserdriver.html

Application of TEC

The applications that need wider temperature control range, large size DUT, high power devices, fast thermal response, require higher TEC output power. Thermoelectric coolers are used for applications that require heat removal ranging from mill watts to several thousand watts. They can be made for applications as small as a beverage cooler or as large as a submarine or railroad car. TECs have limited life time. Their health strength can be measured by the change of their AC resistance. When a TEC gets “old” or worn out, the AC resistance (ACR) will increase Analog Technologies. It can help evaluate which is a good fit for your requirements.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/tec-controller.html

Operating principle of thermoelectric coolers

Thermoelectric coolers are operated by the Peltier effect which also goes by the more general name thermoelectric effect. The device has two sides, and when DC current flows through the device, it brings heat from one side to the other, so that one side gets cooler while the other gets hotter. The “hot” side is attached to a heat sink so that it remains at ambient temperature, while the cool side goes below room temperature. In some applications, multiple coolers can be cascaded together for lower temperature. The cooling power of the Peltier elements is regulated by TEC controllers in relation to the actual measured temperature at the object. Our TEC family controllers are the ideal complement to our Laser drivers.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/laserdriver.html

The Definition of Sensor

Sensors (English name: transducer/sensor) is a kind of detection device, sensing the measured information, and transform information into electrical signal according to certain rule or other forms of output information, for satisfying such requirements as information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and controlling.
Sensor’s features include: miniaturization, digitalization, intelligence, multi-function, and systemization and network. It is the first step of automatic detection and automatic control. The existence and development of the sensor, making objects have sensory of touching, tasting and smelling, and let objects live. Usually, according to its basic cognitive functions, sensors are divided into temperature sensor, light sensor, gas sensor, force sensor, magnetic sensor, moisture sensor, acoustic sensor, radiation sensitive element, color sensor and sensor etc..For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/laserdriver.html

Laser Technology

The laser is a device that a beam of light that is both scientifically and practically of great use because it is coherent light. The beam is produced by a process known as stimulated emission, and the word “laser” is an acronym for the phrase “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.”
Lasers consist of several components. A few of the many things that the so-called active medium might consist of atoms of a gas, molecules in a liquid, and ions in a crystal. Another component consists of some method of introducing energy into the active medium, such as a flash lamp for example. Another component is the pair of mirrors on either side of the active medium which consists of one that transmits some of the radiation that hits it. If the active component in the laser is a gas laser than each atom is characterized by a set of energy states, or energy levels, of which it may consist. An example of the energy states could be pictured as a unevenly spaced ladder which the higher rungs mean higher states of energy and the lower rungs mean lower states of energy. If left disturbed for a long time the atom will reach its ground state or lowest state of energy. According to quantum mechanics there is only one light frequency that the atom will work with. There are three ways that the atom can deal with the presence of light either it can absorb the light, or spontaneous emission occurs, or stimulated emission occurs. This means that if the atom is at its lowest state that it may absorb the light and jump to its high state and emit extra light while doing so. The second thing it may do is if it is at its highest state it can fall spontaneously to its lower state thus emitting light. The third way is that the atom will jump from its upper state to its lower state thus emitting extra light. Spontaneous emission is not effected by light yet it is rather on a time scale characteristic of the states involved. That is called the spontaneous lifetime. In stimulated emission the frequency of the light is the same as the frequency of the light that stimulated it.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/laserdriver.html

How do the resistance manufactures control the parameters of resistance?

During the productive process, by controlling the material composition, sintering atmosphere, sintering temperature and the state of structure, we can control resistance under the same temperature, and also be able to control the value change when the temperature changes. That is the process, and this is very important!
Why does resistance of these oxides change?
Because in these oxides, there is a kind of particles called carrier (electronic and cavity), can conduct electricity. Like people can go out by boat, the more ship, the more people. The same to carrier, when it is at low temperature, there are fewer carriers, so it hinders the current, and the resistance is big. On the opposite, when it is at higher temperature, there are many carriers, so current is bigger, and its resistance value is relatively low.
What is the changing range of NTC thermistor resistance?
When it is at ambient temperature, it ranges from 10 ohms to 1000K ohms.
What is the temperature range of NTC (negative temperature coefficient thermistor)?
Its measuring range is usually -10 ~ + 300°C , and it can also be – 200 ~ + 10°C, and even it can be used for temperature measurement when it is from -300 to + 1200°C.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/laserdriver.html

The Features of Laser

There are huge differences between laser and ordinary light, and laser owns the following features:
1.The laser launched is monochromatic, and it has a specific wavelength light which would be a specific color. What’s more, its wavelength depends on the power released by e. when it returns back to low power orbit.
This will need to have a high precision, low temperature controller to control the movement of photons.
Please visit our website: http://www.analogti.com.Here has what you want.
2.The laser launched is coherency. Laser owns good microstructure, and each photon moves with other photons, that is to say, all the wavelengths are the same.
Therefore, a kind of efficient, low temperature drift and high-precision controllers are needed to control photons’ movement.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/laserdriver.html

BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ATECA105

There are a lot of people worried about heating element working in the airtight space, and the working heating element produces heat continuously, making temperature of the airtight space increase, and shortening the lifetime of the element itself even damaged completely. Today I will introduce a cooling device (ATECA105) to help you solve this problem.
The ATECA105 is a TEC assembly. It comes with a 12V6A TEC, a heat sink on its hot side with a medium specific speed fan attached, another heat sink on the TEC’s cold side also with a medium specific speed fan attached, a star dust silver cover, and a thermal insulation pad between the 2 heat sinks. Input voltage is 12VDC  5% and Max. Input current is 6ADC.
The dimensions of the TEC assembly itself only 133.3 × 130 × 131.4 mm, but it has a very high efficiency. When the temperature of the air in confined Spaces and that of outside confined space is the same, the COP can reach 0.5(COP = thermal power/electrical). That is to say, when our TEC assembly works in confined Spaces, the total power of the heating element is not higher than 24W and the temperature of the air in confined Spaces and that of the outside confined space is the same. When the power of heating element inside the airtight space is up to 50W, our ATECA105 can make air temperature within the confined space reduce to only 10℃ higher than the environment temperature outside airtight space .
Both this TEC assembly installation and use are simple, leaving a 103 x116 hole on wall of the airtight space and drill a hole whose diameter is 5 on four Angle position respectively. Through the reserved hole, put the cold end into confined Spaces and the keep hot side outside, using screw to fix. If you want to make TEC assembly cool continuously, connect directly a 12VDC power supply. We also have a complete set of temperature controller to make it work at customized temperature.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/tec-controller.html

The minimum limited voltage of 5 common colors LED lights

The common specifications voltage of LED lights are 12V and 24V, and one team of 12V LED light consists of three pcs LEDs, while24VLED light is made up of six pcs LEDs. Once, some customer requested to reduce the power supply voltage, but here we need to notice that not all colors and all specifications of the LED lights can be used when the power supply voltage reduced, and itcannot be reduced unconditionally. In order to classifythevoltage of what kind of the LED lights can be reduced, first look at the driving voltage of the five common colors single piece LED.

    1.White LED:  3.0~3.3V

    2.Red LED: 1.8~2.2V

    3.Blue LED: 3.0~3.2V

    4.Green LED: 2.9~3.1V

    5.Yellow LED: 1.8~2.0V

The standard dc power supply voltage specifications that are available in the market are 6 V, 9 V, 12 V, 18 V, 24 V, then step-down specifications of LED lights must also be consistent with the above specifications, otherwise the power matching is also a problem.

    A.Using several kinds of common color LED as some examples to illustrate the minimum voltage limit of3 pcs LEDs group.

        1.White LEDs: According to the minimum driving voltage: 3*3.0=9V, if LED light’s power supply is 9V, and this LED light can’t be added a current-limit resistor. If LED lights from other groupsare broken, that will cause the current increase on this group LED light, which results in LED burning. But if adding limiting current resistor on this group LED light, it will be lower than the minimum LED driving voltage, and it will affect the luminous intensity and glowing effect of LED lamp. Therefore, the lowest voltage limit of white LED lights is 12V. 

        2.Red LEDs: According to the minimum driving voltage of 1.8V: 3*1.8V=5.4V, then based on common power supply voltage specification, 6V is fine.As 6V-5.4V=0.6V, we can add 30 ohms current-limit resistor. So the minimum voltage limit of the red LED light is 6V.

        3.Blue LEDs: The minimum voltage limit ofthe blue LED lights is the same as that of the white LED lights,which is 12V.

        4.Green LEDs: According to the minimum driving voltage of 2.9V: 3*2.9V=8.7V, then based on the common power supply voltage specification, 9V is fine. 9V-8.7V=0.3V, we can also add 15 ohms current-limit resistor. So the minimum voltage limit of the green LED lights is 9V.

        5.Yellow LEDs: The minimum voltage limit of the yellow LED light is the same as that of the red LED light, which is 6V.

    B.The minimum voltage limit of Six pcs LEDs group:

        1.White LEDs: According to the minimum driving voltage: 6*3.0=18V, if LED light’s power supply is 18V, this LED light can’t be added a current-limit resistor. If LED lights from other groups are broken, that will cause the current crease on this group LED light, which results in LED burning. But if addingcurrent-limitresistor on this group LED light, it will be lower than the minimum LED driving voltage, and it will affect the luminous intensity and glowing effect of the LED lamp. Therefore, the lowest voltage limit of white LED lights is 24V.

        2.Red LEDs: According to the minimum driving voltage: 6*1.8V=10.8V, based on the common power supply specification, 12V is fine. As 12V-10.8V=1.2V, we can also add 60 ohms current-limit resistor. So the minimum voltage limit of red LED light is 12V. 

        3.Blue LEDs: The minimum voltage limit of the blue LED light is the same as that of the red LED, which is 24V.

        4.Green LEDs: According to the minimum driving voltage: 6*2.9V=17.4V, then based on the common power supply voltage specification, 18V is fine. 18V-17.4V=0.6V, we can also add 30 ohms current-limit resistor. So the minimum limiting voltage of the green LED light is 18V.

        5.Yellow LEDs: The minimum limiting voltage of the yellow LED light is the same as that of the red LED light, which is 12V.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/product-LED-Related-Products.html

Advantages and application of TEC controllers

Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junctions of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, being dependent on the direction of the current. Such an instrument is known as a Peltier device, a Peltier heat pump, solid state refrigerator, or thermoelectric cooler (TEC). It can be used either for heating or for cooling, although in practice the main application is cooling. It can be invoked as a temperature controller that either heats or cools.

The TEC5V4A-D is an electronic module designed for driving TECs (Thermo-Electric Coolers) with high stability in regulating the object temperature, extreme energy efficiency. 

The module provides interface components for users to configure the desired object temperature range, i.e. set-point temperature range; maximum voltage across TEC, i.e. maximum TEC voltage; and the compensation network. The compensation network compensates the astronomical order thermal load and thus stabilizes the temperature control loop.

The TEC5V4A-D comes with a high stability low noise 3.0V voltage references which can be utilized to setting the desired object temperature by using a POT (potentiometer) or a DAC (Digital to Analog Converter). When utilizing this reference for setting the set-point temperature, the set-point temperature error does not depend on this reference voltage.For more information, please visit our website:http://www.analogtechnologies.com/tec-controller.html